Solar Power for Houses: Your Residential Solar Power System

Passive solar heating is a great way to provide much of your home’s heating for free. Almost every home gets some solar energy coming through the windows, but there is a vast difference between the average house and a home heated with passive solar energy.

Building a new house that is passively solar heated is not significantly more expensive than building a normal house. This makes passive solar the most cost-effective form of solar power for the new home. Every new home should be built using passive solar techniques because home heating and cooling needs can be reduced greatly – potentially to zero in certain circumstances.

All this sounds wonderful, but there is one caveat: you must find a good architect who understands passive solar design. Some architects do not understand how to do it properly and mistakes made during the building process may prove costly later.

Passive solar heating covers a wide range of strategies, including passive solar thermal hot water heaters such as the batch and thermosyphon, but it’s usually used to describe heating the house air and structure.

Direct Passive Solar Heating

The simplest form is direct passive solar heating. This involves big windows on the south side of the house. The sunlight falls onto a dark surface with a high heat storage capacity such as a masonry floor or wall painted a dark color. Water is sometimes used instead – this involves water contained in glass or transparent plastic. It has slightly different properties than solid walls, but the basic idea is the same. The wall or floor absorbs energy on sunny days, and releases it at night or on cloudy days when things get cooler.

Of course, you don’t want the house to overheat in the summer. This is generally avoided by building overhangs over the windows. In the winter the sun is at a low angle and comes in the window. In the summer, especially near midday, the sun strikes the overhang and doesn’t come into the room. This leaves the room much cooler.

Trombe Walls (Indirect Gain) and Solar Spaces (Isolated Gain)

There are two other major passive solar heating strategies, Indirect Gain and Isolated Gain. The most common Indirect Gain method is the Trombe Wall, and the most common Isolated Gain method is the solar space.

Trombe walls involve a thick wall painted a dark colour. An inch or so in front of it is glass. Sunlight enters through the glass and is absorbed as heat by the wall. The glass helps prevent heat loss, and wall slowly releases the heat into the rest of the house. Again, a Trombe wall is placed on the south side of the house.

A solar space is basically a glassed-in space on the south side of the house. They are also sometimes known as solar rooms or solaria. Solar spaces can act as greenhouses, and they are sometimes referred to as greenhouses. However, they are not the same as greenhouses designed to grow plants.

The glass is vertical, and there usually isn’t glass overhead. This is so that the glass can be shaded in the summer to avoid overheating. It also means the plants that grow there have less light than they would in a true greenhouse, although more than they would in your house. Since they are attached to the house, you may not want to grow large numbers of plants in it if you’re allergic to mildew. However, if you’ve always wanted a greenhouse,why not use it to grow plants?

These three types of passive solar heating are the most commonly used. While the systems describes here are simple and this overview is simple, there’s a lot more to passive solar design when you really start looking deeply into the subject.

Sources:

Arizona Solar Center

US department of energy: energy efficiency and renewable energy. Passive solar home design.

Batteries are an important component of off-grid and many grid-tied residential solar power systems. They are used to store excess electricity produced by the photovoltaic panels for times when they are producing less electricity than needed, such as at night. Batteries are used in both off-grid applications and in grid-tied battery-backed systems. Batteries for off-grid are usually sized to last through normal use on three cloudy days.

The batteries in grid-tied residential solar power systems are used for backup when the grid goes out. There are usually fewer batteries in these banks because they are only used for backup rather than being used every single night.

The three main types of solar batteries are all lead-acid batteries. However, they are very different from the batteries used in a car because they are deep cycle batteries. This means that they can be drained much more deeply of their charge than shallow cycle batteries such as those used in cars. Car batteries will not stand up to the strain that a residential solar power system will place on them.

Batteries Suitable for Residential Solar Power Systems

Flooded Lead-Acid Solar Batteries

Flooded lead-acid batteries are the cheapest type of lead-acid batteries commonly used to store solar power. They also have the longest life, but require regular maintenance. Distilled water must be added as necessary to replace that lost during charging, and because they are not sealed they must be kept clean and there is a danger of spillage.

Absorbed Glass Matt Sealed Lead-Acid Solar Batteries

These are sealed, and therefore do not require regular maintenance as flooded lead-acid batteries do. They are a newer invention and so far less widely used than flooded lead-acid.

Gelled Electrolyte Sealed Lead-Acid Solar Batteries

These are freezing resistant and are typically used in unheated spaces. They must be charged slowly in order to avoid decreasing capacity, making them better for grid-tied backup than for off-grid uses.

Sources:

Homepower.com

Solar-Batteries.net

Increasing energy conservation and energy efficiency are the most cost effective ways to reduce the amount of money you pay for energy.  Before you invest in alternative energy sources, you should check that your house uses as little energy as possible while still allowing you the lifestyle you want.   Of the two approaches, the simpler is energy conservation.

Energy conservation involves using less energy by doing things like turning off the lights when we’re not in the room.  There is no upfront cost to such actions, although they do typically require behavior changes.

Ways to reduce your power use through energy conservation

• Turn all lights out when you leave the room
• Set your computer to fall into hibernation mode when it is not in use
• Unplug appliances when not in use, or get a power bar and turn the power bar off at night
• Buy a timer for your home’s thermostat so that your home will be warm when you’re home and moving about and cooler at night and when you’re at work
• Turn your home’s thermostat down a couple of degrees Celsius and wear a sweater – presuming your home is not leaky enough that you’re wearing a sweater anyway and freezing cold besides
• Turn the TV off if you’re not watching it

Basically, if you aren’t using it, it shouldn’t be on.

Energy efficiency involves using appliances that can do the same amount of work with less energy.  It does not involve you changing your daily behaviour.  The classic example is replacing incandescent lighting with compact fluorescent, but it goes far beyond this.  The largest use of electricity in many homes is heating.  By insulating the house, the amount of energy required to heat the house is reduced.

Cheap ways to reduce your power use through energy efficiency

• Replace incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescents
• Insulate your hot water heater
• Insulate your hot water pipes
• put plastic film over windows during winter

More expensive, but very useful

• Buy an energy-efficient refrigerator if your current fridge is more than 10 years old
• Insulate your ceilings, walls and floors
• Replace single-glazed windows with double or triple glazed windows

Of course, if you really want to increase energy efficiency there are a variety of methods for passive solar heating, but that is beyond the scope of this article.

When you install that new appliance…

I once lived in an apartment where the landlord had replaced all the windows with new windows that were supposed to be much better insulated and lose less heat.   However, he had installed them badly and there were gaps between the windows and the frame.  One of the gaps was so large you could see right through it to the outside.   Because of this, the house would not stay warm despite the new windows and the landlord complained about his energy bills to us.  Meanwhile, we complained that we were always cold.

This shows the importance of installing new energy efficient objects correctly.  If installed incorrectly, the object may well work badly if it works at all, and you may have done a lot of work and spent a lot of money for no energy savings.  So do it right the first time!

Pros

The most obvious advantage to solar energy is no operational carbon emissions.  Other advantages include reduced dependence or even complete independence from fluctuating energy markets and efficient power generation in areas that do not have access to a power grid.  In areas that do not have access to the power grid, it is frequently cheaper to buy a photovoltaic system than it is to pay to extend the grid, or to buy and run a diesel generator.

While energy prices have gone down recently with the global recession, it is unlikely that they will stay down.  When the economy improves oil prices will likely go back up, and energy prices in general will probably follow.  Once your solar panels are set up, the vast majority of your costs have already been paid, and rising electricity prices will be something that happens to other people.

In certain areas of the USA, there are programs that will let you lease solar Grid-tied Systems. This eliminates the high start-up cost problem if you are lucky enough to live in one of those areas.

Cons

There are also disadvantages to solar photovoltaic power.  Solar energy requires sunlight.  Photovoltaics do not produce power at night, and the amount of power they produce on cloudy days is much reduced from what they produce in sunlight.  They also produce more electricity during the summer than in the winter.  This is an advantage if your air-conditioning bills are higher than your heating bills, but in colder climates this is a disadvantage to solar power.  In climates with many cloudy days, power output is reduced from its full potential, which means that your initial investment takes longer to pay back than you might expect from tests in Spain or California. 

Purchasing and installing a solar system involves a substantial outlay of capital.  Prices for solar photovoltaic sytems are falling, but the cost is still prohibitive for many people.

Sources:

Home Power Magazine http://www.homepower.com/home/

Solar Photovoltaic Cost and Price Trends Retrieved May 16, 2009 http://www.solarbuzz.com/StatsCosts.htm

In the face of growing worldwide concern with regards to finding new and better renewable energy sources, solar energy is fast becoming a viable option. It is a field which will only increase in prominence in the coming years, and this has created immense opportunities for qualified individuals suitable for positions in this vertical.

Solar certification courses provide students with tremendous opportunity to gain a foothold in this growing industry and with the knowledge offered by these courses, they will be well positioned to be part of a knowledgeable workforce that will definitely be sought after in the solar installation industry.

Anyone who is looking to enhance his or her career opportunities in the field of renewable energy would do well to look into the career advancement possibilities offered by solar certification. With the increasing need to develop renewable energy sources in the current environmental scene all over the world, more and more electrical contractors are looking to enter the potentially lucrative solar electric energy industry.

There is an obvious need for electrical contractors to continuously add to their skill sets and receive endorsements from authorized certification bodies and one of the best ways to do that is by getting solar education. This sentiment is echoed by many in the industry who feel that the process of gaining solar certification is not really that much different from that which electrical contractors have already gone through in the past in order to become licensed contractors. It only makes sense to acquire solar certification as a means of further enhancing these skill sets. This will also allow them to develop their businesses in a way that will become increasingly more important and relevant to the environmental field.

To address this growing demographic, numerous renewable energy oriented organizations are stepping up to meet the demand by offering various solar education courses. Amongst the popular certifications in demand in the solar education space is the Solar PV Installation Certification program. Electrical contractors who have received such solar certifications are discovering that they are quite sought after by employers who are looking for capable and knowledgeable team leaders who can help crews break-in the new technologies inherent in green jobs.

Certificate programs for solar education and solar courses generally seek to instruct applicants in basic knowledge of the various solar applications and entry-level capability in common solar equipment installation procedures. This will equip them with credential certifications that are intended for renewable energy professionals and solar electric installers. The solar courses have been developed specifically for students that have little or no experience in the solar field, who are looking to gain knowledge on the basics of solar electric system operations and maintenance.

Keep in mind that these entry level solar certification programs do not render individuals qualified to actually install PV systems. Instead, they are intended to illustrate that students have gained a basic knowledge in the application and concepts of solar electric systems. Through further solar training, in Advance Installer Certification programs, candidates can equip themselves with expertise of a higher grid and scale.

Solar education and solar training courses are offered through a wide variety of venues. Some of the learning institutions where you can gain solar certification are colleges and universities, community colleges, vocational schools, technical learning institutions, and apprenticeship programs endorsed by appropriate government agencies.

Another solar certification that you can look into for purposes of enhancing your career opportunities with regards to green jobs are the ones offering certification and rating programs for manufacturers of solar panels. These programs are primarily designed to provide ways by which the maintenance of solar panels can be determined under recommended rating conditions. These solar certification programs encompass a broad range of solar-based applications including swimming pool heating, recreational heating, space heating, water heating and even cooling. These solar certification courses are generally voluntary and are offered to all manufacturers of solar-related products. One of the requirements of this program is the passing of a series of tests that have been developed by authorized solar certification bodies. This series of tests are conducted in line with industry standard methods that have been specified by independent laboratories.

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Solar Training, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy
Education-Boots on the Roof.

For additional information on solar training courses, please visit Solar Training Boot Camps at
Boots on the Roof.

Article Source: Populate.net

If you are looking to enter the field of solar panel installation, you would greatly benefit from being aware of the various training and certification requirements for the job. Obviously, extensive training is crucial if you are to have a certain degree of competency, however, certification is not necessarily an absolute requirement for solar panel installers in most states.

Obtaining certification from recognized solar energy regulatory organizations will likely have the effect of increasing your career opportunities and making your credentials more viable for a green job in the solar energy sector.

It is worth keeping in mind that different states may have different requirements with regard to licensing for solar panel installation professionals. These requirements typically fall under general contractor licenses or their equivalent, with some being more specifically categorized as electrical contractor licenses for PV, plumbing license for solar thermal systems, or solar contractor licenses.

You should also be aware that the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners or NABCEP specifically states that the certification which they offer is in no way intended to take the place of any licenses, credentials or certificates that may be required by local laws in the state wherein you plan to practice your trade. These solar certification and solar training courses are purely voluntary at present, although there is an increasing trend to support these and other similar solar certification programs by way of rebates and other incentives. Furthermore, the number of projects that require solar certification from the NABCEP certification is on the rise, and this will likely increase even further in the near future.

The solar certification program of the NABCEP specifies that solar PV installers should possess the skills and knowledge necessary to recommend solar electrical systems, configure and install these systems, inspect and maintain them in way that meets the customers� satisfaction, and conform to current industry standards for the performance, safety and reliability of solar electrical systems.

To this end, the NABCEP has developed a system geared towards PV Task Analysis, which is comprised of several areas of discipline, including how to work safely with PV systems, conducting site assessment, the selection of proper solar design, how to adapt the mechanical and electrical design, installation of solar electrical subsystems and components on-site, system check and inspection, and solar electrical system troubleshooting and maintenance.

All of these are of course essential areas of knowledge for those who are seeking qualifications as solar energy industry practitioners. In a report published by the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative in 2003 detailing training and certification requirements for the photovoltaic industry, it stated that the training required for solar industry professionals goes well beyond that which is typical for other areas in the building and construction industries. The report goes on to list some of the training requirements specific to the field of photovoltaic installations, some of which are outlined below:

�On-site evaluation with regard to system performance. This would include determining the effects of obstructions, angles, and so on.
�Characteristics of photovoltaic cells and modules, particularly how they relate to the design and performance of solar electrical systems
�System characteristics calculation�which includes aspects such as wire size�as a means of minimizing power loss and optimizing energy production
�Current wiring methods
�Mounting technology
�Solar electrical system maintenance, as well as diagnostics and troubleshooting methods
�Customer education

Aside from these training requirements, aspiring solar panel installation professionals should also receive instruction in basic electrical skills, possess knowledge of the electrical grid, and be well versed in various roof and ceiling applications.

The installation of solar hot water or pool heating systems has its own requirements with regards to training and certification, for which the NABCEP has also developed a separate task analysis. This analysis is intended specifically for solar thermal applications, and details knowledge and skill sets that are required of professionals in this area of specialization. Among the areas covered by the Solar Thermal Task Analysis of the NABCEP are:

�Safe installation of solar powered hot water and pool heatig systems
�Systems and component identification
�System design adaptation
�Effective site assessment methods
�Solar collector installation
�Water heater and storage tank installation
�Piping, insulation and connector installation
�Mechanical and plumbing system and component installation
�Electrical control system installation
�Operation and identification tag installation
�System checkout
�Solar thermal system maintenance and troubleshooting

This set of tasks assumes that the solar thermal system installer utilizes an industry approved solar system design, along with the required components, installation instructions, schematics, and instructions for system assembly and troubleshooting. While the system itself is not necessarily designed by the solar electrical system provider, he or she must possess thorough knowledge about all aspects of the system, and in some cases may be called upon to modify the design depending on the application or customer requirement.

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Solar Training, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy
Education-Boots on the Roof.

For additional information on solar training courses, please visit Solar Training Boot Camps at
Boots on the Roof.

Article Source: Populate.net

Solar power and “green” building has become a focus in the construction market for several reasons. With the steady climb of energy prices, along with a decline in the price of solar installations, solar living has become a topic of interest for more than those that live in rural areas, or those looking to save the environment. Solar energy has become a viable alternative energy source, and the rates of both commercial and home installations are rising dramatically.

Who can use PV (Photovoltaic) training or solar courses?
People from all walks of life could benefit from solar training. Anyone interested in renewable, sustainable energy sources are good examples. Due to the expected rise of needed manpower in the solar industry, however, reasons other than the environment should compel others.

Already, the solar industry has discovered a skills gap in solar training. Those that know how to install photovoltaic arrays, develop other ways of harnessing solar energy, maintain the necessary equipment and several other areas are retiring � without the younger generation replacing them in knowledge and training.

Another area where the skills gap is showing is in “greener” building. Environmentalists, and others who just happened to notice solar energy is ultimately cheaper, are demanding energy efficient appliances, solar panels, rain catchers and any number of newer, more environmentally safe changes to their homes. As a builder without solar training, one may find themselves losing business due to lack of knowledge. With a little bit of time and effort, a general builder can turn into a “green” builder, with all the training and certifications necessary.

So how do you get involved?
As a “green” builder or solar installation provider, the first place to gather information would be your local homebuilder’s association. They’ll have information on solar product supplies, rules and regulations, and what’s need for PV certification. This is especially important, as each locality has its own regulations. They may not vary much from one to the other, but they do vary.

Training and certification is necessary. As a homebuilder using solar design, you’ll want to make sure that the finished home is certified as an energy efficient, solar domicile. For that to happen, you’ll need solar training and certification.

Likewise for solar installers. Each individual PV installation will be different, having its own requirements and sets of issues to overcome. This means that adding a PV system is not “plug and play”. Requirements and needs will have to be assessed, problems will have to be circumvented, and a custom solar installation will have to be designed. This is why PV training and certification is a must.

PV training and certification programs are readily available at our Boot Camps. Our programs are all NABCEP (North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners) Approved. There are three types of certification; an Entry Level certificate, a Solar Thermal Installer Certification (solar heat), and the PV Installer Certification. To hold these certifications, you would be trained to design and install all types of custom solar solutions.

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Solar Training, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy
Education-Boots on the Roof.

For additional information on solar training courses, please visit Solar Training Boot Camps at
Boots on the Roof.

Article Source: Populate.net

The renewable energy industry has grown dramatically in the past few years; everywhere you turn, you hear about solar power and solar panels, wind farms and biofuels. The solar industry, in particular, has become such a hot topic and so high in demand that there are some just waiting for the solar bubble to burst. Every dog has its day, everybody has their fifteen minutes of fame, and the solar industry’s fifteen minutes was up a long time ago.

Not true. Solar power took the stage and stayed on it, and the demand is only rising higher. What financial people, marketing and trend studies are finding out is that, while the demand for solar products is high, there’s a huge shortage of qualified people with solar training to install PV (photovoltaics) systems, as well as many other areas.

States such as Oregon, Colorado, Arizona and New Jersey have policies that make them good places to start up or grow solar businesses, among many other states. Solar integrators are looking at many new technologies, searching for better ways to harness solar energy.

PV technology, for instance, uses silicon to create energy when encountering light. PV systems use the light photons that cause heat, and most modules are made with silicone wafers, soldered together in rows. While many research and development programs are funded somewhat, most of it is driven by the private market. This opens up “green jobs” in research and development, as well as manufacturing and installation in local communities.

Over the past twenty-five years or so, solar electric power systems have garnered a huge popularity in the business and private sectors. Therefore, the local levels are also suffering a shortage of employees with solar training. With the demand for PV products rising, those in the construction business such as general contractors, electricians, roofers and the like will need to be able to meet that demand.

Businesses, especially, are taking energy audits and looking at ways to reduce energy costs. This is where those in the construction business can really benefit from solar training and certification, as well as learning “green” building.

Companies are becoming more interested in ways to save, from insulation, to lighting, to solar installation. If a general contractor takes an interest in solar training, knows how to measure energy usage and knows how to reduce it, that’s a general contractor who will be in higher demand than others.

Roofers and electricians can also benefit from solar training. Homeowners are starting to replace their old roofing tiles with solar PV arrays; a roofer who is also a qualified installer will be able to find more work. However, sometimes the solar arrays won’t work on a roof and must be installed on the ground. In this case, an electrician with solar training can find the perfect niche to work in.

As long as the upward trend continues in the solar industry; as long as people worry about the environment and global warming; as long as nations work together to make the world better, solar training will be a necessity in several walks of life.

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Solar Training, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy
Education-Boots on the Roof.

For additional information on solar training courses, please visit Solar Training Boot Camps at
Boots on the Roof.

Article Source: Populate.net